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Quantitative computed tomography
Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is a medical technique that measures bone mineral density (BMD) using a standard X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scanner with a calibration standard to convert Hounsfield Units (HU) of the CT image to bone mineral density values.〔J. E. Adams, "Quantitative computed tomography.," European journal of radiology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 415-24, Sep. 2009.〕 Quantitative CT scans are primarily used to evaluate bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and hip.
In general, solid phantoms placed in a pad under the patient during CT image acquisition are used for calibration. These phantoms contain materials that represent a number of different equivalent bone mineral densities. Usually either calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHAP) or potassium phosphate (K2HPO4) are used as the reference standard.〔K G Faulkner, C C Glüer, S Grampp, and H K Genant, “Cross-calibration of liquid and solid QCT calibration standards: Corrections to the UCSF normative data” Osteoporosis International, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 36-42, 1993.〕
==History==
QCT was invented at University of California San Francisco (UCSF) during the 1970s. Douglas Boyd, PhD and Harry Genant, MD used a CT head scanner to do some of the seminal work on QCT.〔(Reflections on Development of Quantitative Computed Tomography )〕
At the same time, CT imaging technology progressed rapidly and Genant and Boyd worked with one of EMI’s first whole body CT systems in the late 1970s and early 1980s to apply the quantitative CT method to the spine, coining the term "QCT." Genant later published several articles on spinal QCT in the early 1980s with Christopher E. Cann, PhD. Today, QCT is being used in hundreds of medical imaging centers around the world, both clinically and as a powerful research tool.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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